早期宇宙的原始氣體可能形成超大質量恆星，這些恆星的質量約為太陽的數十萬到數百萬倍。大多數的超大質量恆星最終會塌縮成黑洞，成為星系中心的大黑洞種子。然而，極少數的超大質量恆星可能會以超新星爆炸的方式結束，不留下任何黑洞遺跡。
In the early universe, primordial gas could form supermassive stars with masses ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of times that of the Sun. Most of these supermassive stars would eventually collapse into black holes, becoming the seeds of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. However, a rare few of these supermassive stars might end their lives in supernova explosions, leaving no black hole remnants behind.